Nationalism+&+its+Impact




 * Explains revolutions and why Germany unified
 * World War I
 * Country pride
 * Fertile Crescent
 * National Anthem
 * Roman Empire
 * World War II
 * Storming of the Bastille
 * Caesar

**The Key Parts of Nationalism:**
 * Sense of unity among a nation
 * Causes wars
 * People support country in wars such as World War I & II



**//What qualities are displayed in the United States Seal? How do they relate to Nationalism?//** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">-The United States Seal are strength and unity, persistance. The arrows represent courage and the will to fight for the country. The eagle represent speed, and national pride. The 13 stars circling around the sun and the clouds signify that in good and bad times, the United States remains strong. The red, white, and blue represent the American flag. The 13 stars also represent the country's pride in its origins (the 13 original colonies). Pride in one's country is needed in nationalism.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">** Preview of Section 1 pg. 315-319 ** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Through looking at the graphics and subtitles of this section I have learned that it is all about what unifies a nation and what lead to the Italian states' unification. Through nationalistic leaders, uprisings, and rebellions the Italian states were able to come together as one and form the country of Italy.
 * Record in your wiki information you gained from looking at graphics, subtitles graphs**........
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">during 1800s most Italians were unhappy being a part of Austrian Empire-wanted own nation
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Giuseppe Verdi-Italian composer-lyrics called for people to unite
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">his music became a national anthem-inspiring unification
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Italian Peninsula divided into different states with own govs.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Congress of Vienna placed political boundaries to stop nationalism groups
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">nationalism was a growing force in the 1800s
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">ethnic groups-Croats, Czechs, Germans, etc.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">artists, thinkers, and writers in Italy expressed nationalism-Guiseppe Mazzini, writer, had been exiled because of his pamphlets expressing nationalistic beliefs-believed Europe needed to change laws set by Congress in 1815-caught attention of Italian people
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">increase in nationalism=increase in rebellions
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Camoillo di Cavour and Guiseppe Garibaldi-led movements
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1848 rebellions in Europe
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">only successful revolt was in Sardinia-forced rulers of Sardinia to make new constitution
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Camillo di Cavour-founded nationalist newspaper, 1852 became prime minister of Sardinia-wanted successful economy-believed Italy should be reborn as a monarchy
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">supported France in war with Russia-France helped Sardinia against Austria-1860 northern Italian states were free from Austria
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Guiseppe Garibaldi-joined Cavour's movement in 1833
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">lived in South America and learned ways of guerillas
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">returned in 1854 and led Cavour's army and beat Austria
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Garibaldi's followers=Red Shirts because of their uniforms
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">July 1860 gained control of Sicily- in September gained Naples-now controlled entire southern part of Italian peninsula
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">offered Kingdom of Two Sicilies to crown Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia, even though he favored a republic-1861 Italy agreed to unification
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1866 war between Austri and Prussia-Italy sided with Prussia, and Prussia gave Venetia to Italy
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1870 war between France and Prussia forced France to withdraw army from Rome, & Italy entered, completeing unification of Italy
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1800s Italy had to catch up with rest of Europe in industrialization, foreign policy, and social reform
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">social & economic problems: regional differences, widespread poverty. unemployment & rising taxes=riots--also led to migration to Americas in 1880s, by 1920, 4.5 million Italians emigrated
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">reforms: voting reform-only wealthy Italian men could vote, by 1800s, most adult male taxpayers could vote-laws prohibiting child labor, and limiting working hours-also encouraged building of transportation & water systems to improve cities & industries
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">new foreign policy: 1882 Italy formed military alliance with Austria-Hungary & Germany-3 nations agreed to protect each other against any attack--known as "Triple Alliance"-brought most of Europe to war in 1914
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Italy tried to build an empire-tried to gain control over Ethiopia, but failed after being defeated by its larger army in 1896-in 1911 declared war on Ottoman Empire & gained territory in Africa



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Using the map above,complete the following activities:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1. **Analyze**: How would you describe the political geography of Germany and Italy at this time? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Germany was made up of two states, while Italy was made up of small states. This shows that Germany was more unified than Italy nation. It also might have been easier to take over Italy because it was so broken up. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**2. Predict**: Based on the map, what challenges do you think Italy would face as it unified? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Italy was divided into several small states so it was probably hard to come to a compromise. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**3.** **Observe**: Based on your analysis of the map, how do you think the unification of Italy and Germany impacted nationalistic feelings in Europe? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The nationalistic feelings made these nations want to break free from the nations that controlled them.

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<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Reflection Question: Which of the three men had the largest impact on the Italian unification and why?** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">I believe Garibaldi had the largest impact on the unification of Italy. He took the most action in unifying the Italian states out of the three nationalistic leaders. Mazzini and Cavour preached their ideas about their visions of unification in Italy, but Garibaldi put actions to his words and brought the Italian states together. He led the army against Austria and won the province of Lombardy, as well as the provinces of Sicily and Naples. He also helped gain control of Venetia and Rome after Prussia's wars with Austria and France. Under his control of the army the Italian states voted for the unification of Italy. If it wasn't for Garibaldi, Italy would never have unified and been liberated from foreign powers.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**1. How did nationalism grow in Italy after the Congress of Vienna?** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The Congress of Vienna helped nationalism grow in Europe in the 1800's. Different ethnic groups before had been mixed together. This groups did not want to be together, only with their own people, causing the growth of nationalistic feelings. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**2. Identify and explain the social and economic problems faced by the new nation.** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Although Italy united all of its states, regional tensions still existed that prevented Italy from uniting as a whole. The Catholic Church refused to recognize Italy as a unified state. Poverty was a large problem throughout the nation, and unemployment rates and high taxes caused tension among the Italian people. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**3. Identify and explain some of the reforms instituted by the new nation?** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">One of the first reforms was for voting. Only the wealthiest Italian men were allowed to vote before the Italian unification, and after the unification of Italy any adult male who paid taxes was given voting rights. There were also reforms in the workforce, which included laws passed that limited industrial work hours. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**4. How did Italy's foreign policy change after unification?** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">After Italy unified, it formed an alliance with Austria-Hungary and France-- known as the Triple Alliance. The three countries agreed to defend each other against any attacks.

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Identify and explain the causes of the Italian Unification as well as the positive and negative effects of unification.** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">There were many causes of the Italian unification. One of the most important causes was the Congress of Vienna. The Congress split up Italian states and Italians were living with people of all different ethnicity under one empire-- they wanted to be united as one. There are many positives to uniting a nation. Becoming unified causes feelings of unity and nationalism to grow in a nation, bringing people together. However, unification can cause division in a nation as well. If several small states or nations come together as one, they bring all different backgrounds together. This can cause differences among people and cause the new unified nation to be divided.

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<span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: left;">**Wordle Reflection:** The leader of the Italian unification are the largest words in my wordle because I believe they are the most important. Garibaldi, Cavour, and Mazzini were the sword, brain, and heart of the Italian unification-- they had the most impact concerning Italy's nationalistic feelings. Mazzini's Young Italy and Cavour's Il Risorgimento helped spread these feelings through their writings and speeches. The Congress of Vienna is also a large word in my wordle because I believe that it is also important in uniting Italy.


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Otto van Bismarck was part of the JUNKER class in Prussia & was loyal to the Hohenzollerns
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Policy can best be illustrated in Bismarck's "Blood and Iron" sppech, in which Bismarck called on the prussian diet (parliment) to increase military spending
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">to expand Prussia's power, he came to the conclusion that Prussia must be supreme in Germany--however, other countries, who were not culturally German, also had influence in the region at this point
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Denmark, Austria, and France all controlled territory or influenced the other states in Germany & Prussia could not defeat them all alone
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Bismark realized this & allied with Austria to take the territories of Schleswag & Holstein, controlled by the Danish royal family at the time
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Defeated Denmark--then set sights on Austria
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Austria competed with Prussia for influence over various German states & was nominally in control of German Confederation, which was established by the Congress of Vienna
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Bismark manipulated Austria into war--northern German states supporting Prussia & southern states supporting Austria
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Many expected war would last a long time, but Prussia defeated Austria quickly (7 weeks)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Peace treaty results= Austria forced to give up influence in Germany, German Confederation was abolished & new North German Confederation was established, in which Prussia annexed the smaller states of Germany--states in the south (Bavaria, Baden, & wurtemburg) kept independence but force into Prussia's influence
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">moved toward conquering France--again manipulated them into war, like Austria--began in 1871
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">goal= conquest of two culturally German territories owned by France- Alsace & Lorraine
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">many expected France to win war--underestimated Germany, & they quickly defeated them with their superior skill, training, & equipment
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">occupied Paris & overthrew Napoleon
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">new Republic formed, France forced to surrender
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Alsace & Lorraine annexed by Germany
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Prussia achieved all their goals
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Wilhelm was crowned Kaiser/Emperor of Germany in 1871 in the Palace of Versallies (Germany)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">German Empire was born, and balance of power in Congress in Europe was destroyed permanently

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">From the video I learned that in 1850, the German states were not unified. After the Napoleonic wars, there was dispute over who would rule the German states. Otto von Bismark, the Chancellor of Prussia, wanted to control these states. Bismark was a member of the Junker class and practiced realpolitik, a set of ideals. One of his most famous speeches was the Blood and Iron speech, which he gave to the army about the unification of the German states. Denmark, Austria, and France already controlled German territories. Bismark was aware he could not fight the battle along, so he made an alliance with Austria. He took control of the provinces of Schleswig and Holstein, and put them under the control of Austrian and Prussian armies. After defeating Denmark, Bismark wanted to defeat Austria. He manipulated them into war and defeated them in 7 short weeks. Austria was then forced to give up its influence in German states. Bismark abolished the German Confederation-- creating a new one, called the North German Confederation. He then manipulated France into war-- he gained France’s German states of Alsace and Lorraine in his victory. Wilhelm I then became the emperor of Germany, and the balance of power that the Congress of Vienna established in Europe during its reign was destroyed.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Summary of video: **

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Junker class:** junker means "young lord"-a privileged, militaristic landowning class in Germany; Prussian aristocrat <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Realpoltik:** A system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Blood and Iron Speech:** title of speech given by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck given in 1862 about the unification of the German territories-- popular description of his foreign policy

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">media type="custom" key="11614944" <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">In the mid nineteenth century Germany was a collection of smaller states that were linked as a German confederation. This confederation was dominated by Austria, which as a large imperial power was politically and economically superior to the smaller Germanic states. In the 1860's the dominance of Austria was challenged by Prussia and the process of unification and codification of German law began. These events have been interpreted rather differently by historians. The document here is only one interpretation of the German unification process and the events that occurred during this time period.
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Summary: **

**Opener:** __Explain one thing you learned about german unification in each of the categories below from your mark up:__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1. **Economic independence:** from the early stages of the Industrial Rev o l ut i on t h ro u g h to the mid- 19th ce ntu ry sa w t he Germa n ic s t a te s m o ve to wa rd s eco no mic un ific at io n. Fo r ex a m p le,t h e g ro wth o f t he r a ilw a y n et wo rk i n Germ an y l e d to ea s ier a cce ss t o d iff e rent r e s o urce s a cr o s s th e c o nf e d e r a tion.Thi s help ed t o stimul a t e e c o n o mic g rowth a n d m ea n t t h at e co no mic p ro s p e ri t y was i n c re asin g ly relia nt u p o n stro n g li n k s b et we e n d iff ere n t m e m be r state s o f th e G e rm a n c o nf e d e r a tion. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 2. **Schleswig-Holstein:** S chleswig and Holstein are two German duchies that were under Danish r u l e. Ho weve r Holstei n ' s p o pulat io n was la rgely G e rm an s pe a ki ng a n d Sc h leswi g's w a s a bro a d mix o f G e rm a n s an d Dan es. Inth e 1840' s th e D a ne s att e m p t ed t o claim Schl e swi g an d Ho l s t e i n a s b e i ng p a r t o f De n m a rk, r at her t h a n t hem rem a i n in g a s s em i -i nd epende nt du c h ie s .T h i s re su lte d i n up r oa r fr o m Germ an n a t io na lis ts a n d dema n d s f o r t h e t wo du c h ie s t o b e f u lly i n c o rp o rate d i n t o th e G e rma n C on fe de r a ti on. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> 3. **Austrian Prussian War:** manipulated allied country to begin the battle-- In 1866 further arguments about the administration of Schleswig- Hol s tei n led t owa r brea kin g o ut bet we e n Au st ri a a n d P russi a. T h i s wa r la s te d 7weeks a n d re s u lt ed i n Pr u ssian victory over th e A u s tr i a n s. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">4. **Franco Prussian War:** defeat of Napoleon III, once again manipulated the allied country into war, the French underestimated the Germans, but they defeated France quickly

<span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Reflection: <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The German unification had many parts that played a role in its completion, such as economic independence, Schleswig & Holstein, the Austrian-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War. Economic independence included the growth of the railroad network, which allowed for more access to different resources across Germany. The Schleswig and Holstein dispute included the Treaty of London, which stated that upon the accession to the Danish throne of Prince Christian, the duchies would remain under Danish rule but not be incorporated into the nation of Denmark. The Austrian-Prussian War resulted in Prussian victory over the Austrians, forced smaller states to align themselves with the Prussians, and a clearer division between the Prussians & Austrians. Finally, the Franco-Prussian War resulted in Prussian victory over France, and Napoleon's downfall.

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You have been selected to write a biography of Bismaarck's political career. Bases on your two-column notes, write the introduction to your work ** : **

[[file:Otto von Bismarck.docx]]
Use the Image Detective Strategy to analyze the political cartoon above:

**Image Detective** :

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Is he eating a person? Why is he a creature rather than a human? Is the picture for or against Bismarck? <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">It has small legs, arms, and a backpack--it's a person. <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Otto von Bismarck is devouring the country, he is determined and all powerful. Nothing can stop him.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">1. Pose a question about the picture **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">2. Gather clues from what you see in the picture **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">3. Draw a conclusion about the picture **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Change: **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The German Empire underwent a number of changes after unification. **

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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Image Detective**:

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**1. Pose a question about the picture** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">What is that blinding light?

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**2. Gather clues from what you see in the picture** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Men in pain-- holding their arms, falling off of horses, pained facial expressions

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**3. Draw a conclusion about the picture**

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">People were upset by the newfound spread of nationalism in Russia, and expressed their anger with violence. They threw a series of bombs at Czar Alexander II's carriage, and when he went out to help his men that were being attacked, a bomb was thrown at him, and he was killed.



<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Section 4 "Unrest in Russia" Preview
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Surprise Attack"-- terrorist bomb attack on Czar Alexander II & his guards
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Last Czars of Russia"
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Russian Revolution of 1905"
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Russian serfs in 1800s-- poverty in Russia
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">"Blood Sunday in St. Petersburg"-- Russian workers went to the Winter Palace to protest to the Czar about harsh working conditions

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